Competition between shocks and entropy floor : unifying groups and clusters of galaxies

Semi-analytic models of X-ray clusters and groups of galaxies, relying on the idea that there was a nongravitational energy injection in these systems, are able to reproduce many observed correlations, in particular the LX −T relation and the “central entropy floor” in groups. Limiting models exist which describe the behaviour of clusters and groups separately, but no analytic modeling has yet been found to unify both mass ranges. It is the aim of this paper to provide such an analytic model. Our description relies on a now standard description of the shock thought to occur in these systems near the virial radius (Cavaliere et al., 1998), the isothermality and spherical symmetry of the intracluster medium, as well as the reinterpretation of observed quantities (like the X-ray luminosity, the gas mass MICM and the central SZ effect y0) in terms of the specific entropy. This allows the derivation of analytic expressions for several observed correlations (LX − T , MICM − T , y0 − T ,...) and their normalisation encompassing both the group and the cluster regimes. The analytic predictions compare very well with observations, as well as with more elaborated semi-analytic schemes. This agreement allows a reinterpretation of the LX − T relation (via the quantity LX/T ) and the y0 − T relation (via y0/T ) as indirect measures of the non-gravitational entropy content of groups and clusters of galaxies. Finally, we emphasize the need for shock heating, even in the group mass range : shocks can not be completely supressed in groups (and thus groups can not be entirely isentropic) unless an unacceptably high entropy floor is needed in order to break the self-similarity in the LX − T relation.